To mark the second anniversary of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine final week and the current dying of Russia opposition politician Alexei Navalny, the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control introduced sanctions on virtually 300 people and entities.
Embedded in the listing had been a handful of Central Asian corporations. The newest spherical of sanctions designations included the Bishkek-based Obshchestvo S Ogranichennoy Otvetstvennostyu Ukon (Ukon). As Kloop reported, citing a Ministry of Justice database, Ukon was based in August 2022, six months after the launch of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, by Gafar-Zadeh Mehdi Fikret Oglu. Registration particulars word the corporate’s foremost exercise as “wholesale non-specialized trade.”
According to the U.S. Treasury Department’s sanctions, Ukon “has sent aircraft components and U.S.-origin aircraft parts in violation of U.S. export control regulations to Russia-based end-users.”
The United Arab Emirates (UAE) firm PolarStar Logistics, which has branches within the UAE, Uzbekistan, and India, was additionally added to the sanctions listing. The firm, the U.S. Department of State stated, “offers cargo shipping services from the UAE to Russia” and is listed as a S7 Airlines (Siberia Airlines) consultant workplace. S7 Airlines was added to the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) “Entity List” in June 2022 in an growth of aviation-related export controls and sanctions.
Two Kazakh corporations, Astana-based Da Group 22 and Almaty-based Elem Group had been additionally included within the listing. Registration particulars for each corporations listing them as being engaged within the commerce of digital and telecommunication tools and components. Da Group additionally, per registration info, produces circuit boards and Elem was moreover engaged in “forwarding services.”
The U.S. Department of State stated that Da Group 22 was “receiving common high-priority items” from a Germany-based firm, and was “sending common high-priority items” to a Russia-based firm. “The end users of these common high-priority items include the Russian military and Russian space and defense manufacturers,” State famous.
Meanwhile, Elem Group “has supplied common high-priority items to Russia-based, U.S.-designated [Streloi Ekommerts],” itself a wholesaler of digital tools and components.
According to the National Information and Analytical Center which supplies a public registry of Kazakh corporations each Da Group 22 and Elem Group had been registered on March 14, 2022 – mere weeks after the Russian invasion started.
The Kazakh Ministry of Trade and Integration informed TASS that it had been knowledgeable upfront that the businesses could be listed as a part of a “constructive dialogue.” The ministry additionally acknowledged that as of May and June of 2023, respectively, the 2 corporations had not carried out any import or export actions. The ministry additionally famous that Elem Group was within the means of liquidation.
While the variety of Central Asian people and firms topic to sanctions stemming from the Russian warfare stays small, every extra designation underscores the area’s precarious place. Not solely are Central Asia economies invariably impacted by sanctions focusing on Russia, given the deep financial connections throughout the former Soviet house, however the warfare offered a novel alternative for sure entrepreneurs enthusiastic about skirting sanctions, or on the very least in flirting with the chance. It is notable that the newly sanctioned Central Asian corporations (aside from the Uzbekistan-based workplace of PolarStar Logistics) had been all registered after the beginning of the warfare.
Here we encounter the murky world of parallel imports and re-exports. Notably elevated export and import figures in international locations like Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan over the previous two years are arguably the results of items being imported into the Central Asia international locations after which re-exported to Russia. These commerce patterns have made Central Asia international locations susceptible to secondary sanctions. That stated, the U.S. and EU, that are main the sanctions regime in opposition to Russia, have been diligent in reaching out to Central Asian international locations. This is mirrored in Kazakh Ministry of Trade and Integration’s feedback to TASS.
While Kazakhstan, like the remainder of Central Asia, has not joined worldwide sanctions in opposition to Russia, Astana has been adamant in stating, repeatedly, that it’s going to not permit Kazakh territory for use to bypass sanctions. This sentiment has been echoed throughout the area.
Last 12 months, within the wake of RFE/RL reporting on Kazakh and Kyrgyz corporations exporting sanctioned dual-use items to Russia and subsequent reporting by the Washington Post that the Biden administration was making ready sanctions on Kyrgyz corporations, a number of Kyrgyz corporations had been sanctioned. Kyrgyz authorities responded rapidly with the State Committee for National Security placing out a assertion through which it stated it “admits the possible involvement of private companies and firms… which, as part of their business and production activities, could be involved in violations of sanctions restrictions, possibly without knowing who actually can be the end consumer and user of the products supplied to them.” The assertion added that the Kyrgyz state itself was not concerned in violating sanctions.
Two years on, the warfare in Ukraine is slogging on and it’s clear that the U.S. and EU are watching intently and pulling on the free threads – even those who tie again to Bishkek.
Source web site: thediplomat.com
